Oral Health Alert


National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center

This and past issues of the Oral Health Alert: Focus on Head Start are available at http://www.mchoralhealth.org/alert/archives.html.

September 2008

  1. Dental Case Management: Increasing Access to Oral Health Care for Families and Children with Low Incomes (journal article)
  2. Dental Coverage and Care for Low-Income Children: The Role of Medicaid and SCHIP (updated fact sheet)
  3. Filling an Urgent Need: Improving Children's Access to Dental Care in Medicaid and SCHIP (report)
  4. Determinants of Early Childhood Caries in Low-Income African American Young Children (journal article)
  5. Perceptions of Oral Health Training and Attitudes Toward Performing Oral Health Screenings Among Graduating Pediatric Residents (journal article)
  6. Practices and Opinions of Pediatric and General Dentists in Connecticut Regarding the Age 1 Dental Visit and Dental Care for Children Younger Than 3 Years Old (journal article)
  7. Prevalence of Dental Caries in Early Head Start Children as Diagnosed Using Teledentistry (journal article)
  8. Survey of Treatment Provided for Young Children by West Virginia General Dentists (journal article)

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1. Dental Case Management: Increasing Access to Oral Health Care for Families and Children with Low Incomes

This article describes how a dental case management program (DCMP) was used to address the needs of difficult-to-reach populations, increase the number of Medicaid recipients accessing care, expand dentists' participation in Medicaid, and reduce the rate of patients' missing appointments. The authors analyzed program outcomes and comparisons of utilization data for Medicaid beneficiaries in New York City; Tompkins County, New York; the rest of New York; and New York state as a whole. DCMP appears to have contributed to increased dentist participation in Medicaid and improved use of oral health services by Medicaid beneficiaries in Tompkins County.

Greenberg BJS, Kumar JV, Stevenson H. 2008. The Journal of the American Dental Association 139(8):1114-1121. Abstract available at http://jada.ada.org/cgi/content/short/139/8/1114.

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2. Dental Coverage and Care for Low-Income Children: The Role of Medicaid and SCHIP (updated edition)

This fact sheet discusses the importance of oral health and oral health care for children and highlights critical health policy challenges. Topics include disparities in care among children from minority groups and those from families with low incomes, dental coverage in Medicaid and in the State Children's Health Insurance Program, and access to care among children enrolled in these programs. Efforts at the state and federal levels to improve children's care are also addressed.

Contact: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 1330 G Street, N.W., Suite 250, Washington, DC 20005. Telephone: (202) 347-5270; fax: (202) 347-5274; e-mail: kcmu@kff.org; Web site: http://www.kff.org. Available at no charge from the Web site at http://www.kff.org/medicaid/upload/7681-02.pdf.

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3. Filling an Urgent Need: Improving Children's Access to Dental Care in Medicaid and SCHIP

This report summarizes findings from a meeting of policy officials and oral health experts held in October 2007 to discuss children's access to oral health care in Medicaid and in the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and to exchange information and perspectives on strategies that have worked best to improve access. The report identifies actions that states can take, such as garnering more dentist participation in Medicaid and SCHIP, increasing the number of Medicaid and SCHIP patients that dentists see, improving implementation of the Medicaid Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment benefit, coordinating outreach and education, and developing capacity to measure and monitor the need for services and access to care among children from families with low incomes. Work force development and the need for reforms of the paradigm for treating oral disease are also addressed.

Contact: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 1330 G Street, N.W., Suite 250, Washington, DC 20005. Telephone: (202) 347-5270; fax: (202) 347-5274; e-mail: kcmu@kff.org; Web site: http://www.kff.org. Available at no charge from the Web site at http://www.kff.org/medicaid/upload/7792.pdf.

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4. Determinants of Early Childhood Caries in Low-Income African American Young Children

This article describes the prevalence, incidence, and determinants of early childhood caries (ECC) in African-American children from families with low incomes who reside in Detroit, Michigan. The authors found a high prevalence and incidence of ECC. The ages of the child and caregiver, the child's gender, and the caregiver's fatalistic belief and religiosity were significant predictors of ECC and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Consumption of soft drinks was also associated with development of S-ECC.

Ismail AI, Lim S, Sohn W, Willem JM. 2008. Pediatric Dentistry 30(4):289-296. Abstract available at http://www.aapd.org/searcharticles/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=2256.

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5. Perceptions of Oral Health Training and Attitudes Toward Performing Oral Health Screenings Among Graduating Pediatric Residents

This article describes several aspects of oral health education during pediatric residency, including the amount of instruction received, training in performing screenings for disease risk, and ability to perform screenings. The authors found that most graduating pediatric residents believe they should be conducting oral health risk assessments and screenings but feel they lack the skills to do so because of limited training received during residency. The authors conclude that, although there are many demands on pediatric residents' time, oral health training can have considerable impact on pediatricians' confidence in their ability to participate in oral-health-promotion activities.

Caspary G, Krol DM, Boulter S, Keels MA, Romano-Clarke G. 2008. Pediatrics 122(2):e465-e471. Abstract available at http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/122/2/e465.

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6. Practices and Opinions of Pediatric and General Dentists in Connecticut Regarding the Age 1 Dental Visit and Dental Care for Children Younger Than 3 Years Old

This article describes a study to determine the percentage of general and pediatric dentists in Connecticut who were aware of and follow the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry’s (AAPD's) policy for the age 1 dental visit; what types of services dentists provide for infants and children from birth to age 2, and dentists' reasons for not seeing this population. The authors found that 98% of pediatric dentists were aware of the AAPD policy, vs. 41% of general dentists, and 92% of pediatric dentists agreed with the policy, vs. 45% of general dentists. All pediatric dentists reported seeing young children, compared to 42% of general dentists. Most pediatric dentists provided all services surveyed. Although 75% of general dentists provided prophylaxis, only 57% provided topical fluoride, and only 59% provided restorative care.

Santos CL, Douglass JM. 2008. Pediatric Dentistry 30(4):348-351. Abstract available at http://www.aapd.org/searcharticles/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=2264.

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7. Prevalence of Dental Caries in Early Head Start Children as Diagnosed Using Teledentistry

This article describes a study on using teledentistry technology to assess the prevalence of dental caries in children (ages 12 to 60 months) enrolled in inner-city child care centers in Rochester, New York. The authors found that dental caries was present in almost half of the study sample. Very few children appeared to have been to a dentist or to have received treatment for caries. The authors conclude that teledentistry offers a potentially efficient and cost-effective means of screening and tracking young children with early childhood caries (ECC) or who are at high risk for ECC and could be a way to help families without access to oral heath care establish a dental home.

Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Bell CH, Billings RJ. 2008. Pediatric Dentistry 30(4):329-333. Abstract available at http://www.aapd.org/searcharticles/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=2262.

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8. Survey of Treatment Provided for Young Children by West Virginia General Dentists

This article describes a study to obtain information on the age of populations served by general dentists (GDs) in West Virginia, their treatment of children enrolled in Medicaid, and what procedures these dentists perform. The authors found that the great majority of GDs report providing services to children. However, only 37% will perform an oral examination on an infant or child age 2 or younger. And more than half will not place a dental sealant on a primary tooth in a 4-year-old child. Distance and transportation, financial problems, and refusal to accept new Medicaid patients affected GDs’ ability to refer a patient to a pediatric dentist.

Shulman ER, Ngan P, Wearden S. 2008. Pediatric Dentistry 30(4):352-357. Abstract available at http://www.aapd.org/searcharticles/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=2265.

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The Oral Health Alert: Focus on Head Start is administered by the National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center (OHRC) located at Georgetown University.

This publication is made possible by grant number HIFMC06348 from the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) (Title V, Social Security Act), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This funding is part of an intra-agency agreement between the Office of Head Start (OHS); Administration for Children and Families (ACF); and MCHB, HRSA. The publication's contents are the responsibility of solely the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of or imply endorsement by ACF, DHHS, Georgetown University, HRSA, MCHB, OHS, or OHRC.

Permission is given to forward Oral Health Alert: Focus on Head Start, in its entirety, to others. For all other uses, requests for permission to duplicate and use all or part of the information contained in this publication should be sent to the address below.

We welcome your submissions, suggestions, and questions. Please contact us at the address below.

Managing Editor: Katrina Holt, M.P.H., M.S., R.D.
Writer/Administrator: Jolene Bertness, M.Ed.
Editor: Ruth Barzel, M.A.

Oral Health Alert: Focus on Head Start
National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center
Georgetown University
Box 571272
Washington, DC 20057-1272
Phone: (202) 784-9771
Fax: (202) 784-9777
E-mail: OHAlertadmin@mchoralhealth.org
Internet: http://www.mchoralhealth.org/alert/index.html

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